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首页 > 学习资料 >> 英语资源 > 小学英语语法总结(1)
小学英语语法总结(1)
发表时间:2019-10-15 17:28:46     阅读次数:632     本文编辑:嘉兴少儿/幼儿艺术培训_嘉兴中小学培训_嘉兴草屋网

  小学英语语法总结

  

  1.人称代词

  

  主格: I, we, you, she, he, it ,they

  

  宾格: me, us, you, her, him, it, them

  

  形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, her, his, its, their

  

  名词性物主代词: mine, ours, yours ,hers ,his, its, theirs

  

  2.形容词和副词的比较级

  

  (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er

  

  older, taller ,longer ,stronger, etc

  

  (2) 多音节词前+more

  

  more interesting, etc.

  

  (3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er

  

  bigger, fatter, etc.

  

  (4) 把y变i,再+er

  

  heavier, earlier, etc.

  

  (5) 不规则变化:

  

  well-better, much/many-more, etc.

  

  3.可数词的复数形式

  

  大多数名词+ s : a book –books

  

  以辅音y结尾的名词, y变i加es: a story—stories

  

  以 s, sh, ch 或 x 结尾的名词,加 es :a glass—glasses; a watch-watches

  

  以o 结尾的名词,加s 或es: a piano—pianos ;a mango—mangoes

  

  以f 或 fe 结尾的名词,将f 或 fe 变为ves: a knife –knives ;a shelf-shelves

  

  4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)

  

  bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

  

  5. 缩略形式

  

  I’m = I am ;you’re = you are ;she’s = she is ;he’s = he is;

  

  it’s = it is ;who’s =who is ;can’t =can not; isn’t=is not ,etc

  

  6. a/an

  

  a book, a peach

  

  an egg, an hour

  

  7. Preposition(介词)

  

  表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind

  

  表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast,on Monday ,on 15th July ,

  

  on National Day, in the evening, in December, in winter

  

  8. 基数词和序数词

  

  one – first; two-second ;twenty-twentieth

  

  9. Some /any(一般情况下陈述句中用some;疑问句和否定句中用any)

  

  I have some toys in my bedroom.

  

  Do you have any brothers or sisters?

  

  10. be 动词

  

  (1) 基本形式: am/are/is

  

  (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

  

   My eyes are(not) small.

  

  My hair is(not) long.

  

  (3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

  

  Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

  

   Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

  

  11. there be 结构

  

  肯定句: There is a (an)…

  

  There are …

  

  一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

  

   Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

  

  否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….

  

  12. 祈使句

  

  Sit down please

  

  Don’t sit down, please.

  

  13. 现在进行时.(通常用“now”)

  

  形式: be + 动词 的ing形式

  

  eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

  

  You/We/They are(not) reading.

  

  He/She/It is(not) eating.

  

  动词 —ing 的形式

  

  大多数动词直接加ing: walk—walking

  

  以 e结尾的动词,去e 加ing: come—coming (see除外,seeing)

  

  以元音加辅音结尾的动词,双写后面的辅音,再加ing:run –running ; swim—swimming

  

  14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

  

  肯定句:

  

  I go to school on foot every day.

  

  She usually goes to school on foot.

  

  一般疑问句:

  

  Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

  

  Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

  

  否定句:

  

  We don’t go to school on Sundays.

  

  My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

  

  15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。

  

  eg:

  

  1. I / He / She / They can sing.

  

  2.You should keep quiet in the library.

  

  16. 一般过去时态

  

  (a) be 动词的过去式:

  

  I/He/she/it was(not)….

  

  You/we/they were….

  

  一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。

  

  (b) 动词过去式:

  

  肯定句: I watched cartoons.

  

   She visited the zoo.

  

  一般疑问句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

  

  Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.

  

  否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday.

  

   He didn’t make model ships last week.

  

  (3)动词过去式的变化:

  

  规则动词的变化:

  

  大多数动词,直接加ed: eg. planted,watered,climbed

  

  以e结尾的动词加d :eg. liked

  

  以辅音 y 结尾的动词,y变i,加ed :eg : study—studied

  

  元音加辅音结尾的动词,双写辅音加ed: eg: stop –stopped

  

  不规则动词的变化:

  

  is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/

  

  eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等

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